The jobs you can do on a 3-axis machining center
What is a 3-axis machining center?
It is an industrial machine that can perform multiple operations thanks to CNC automation (that is, Computer Numerical Control); in addition, it does not require much human intervention. They come in different sizes, types, functions and levels of automation, but all machining centers are characterized by their production speed and great precision and flexibility. Today, modular machines are available on the market that can be modified by installing or adding accessories, according to production needs.
The process of 3-axis machining is one in which the tools are controlled by a numerical control computer. They move along 3 axes to produce or shape metal parts and other materials, such as PVC or even stone.
As well as increasing and improving production, these machines have the advantage of creating complex parts with a better finish, thanks to the movements they make during machining.
Types
There are different types of CNC machines that differ in functionality, size and level of automation. One of the main classifications of these machines is between those with a vertical spindle and those with a horizontal spindle:
- CNC with a vertical spindle: they have a rotating head that engages the workpiece from top to bottom, working on the nearest surface of the material. They are used on flat parts with deep cavities.
- CNC with a horizontal spindle: ideal for large, tall parts, which means that the machining process has to be done in stages. Parts generally have to be positioned at different angles to carry out the work.
How does a 3-axis machining center work?
The operation of a 3-axis machining center is similar on all models, although, of course, it depends largely on their specific features. But the process starts with a CAD design of the part to which the work to be performed and the tools the machine needs to carry it out are assigned.
Once the programming is done, the workpiece is loaded into the machine and the job begins. The machine automatically changes the different tools until the part has been fully machined.
Although the machine runs practically on its own, a trained operator is needed to run the software of the machining center, someone who knows its operation inside out.
Jobs that can be performed on a 3-axis machining center
CNC machines are commonly used to machine parts that require rotary cutting tools. They are therefore in high demand in many different industries because of their great versatility. A 3-axis machining center can be used by companies that require high production volumes and need a machine capable of running 24 hours a day (bearing in mind that they hardly require any human intervention).
Metalworking
Thanks to their flexibility and ability to be reconfigured, 3-axis machining centers are indispensable in the metalworking industry for producing parts that go on to the manufacturing industry and pass through a CNC machine again to carry out cutting, flame or laser cutting, contouring, welding, engraving, punching…
As for metal removal, machining centers are used for removing material by chips or abrasion, and also for cutting other types of metal products, for example tubes, sheets, flat bars, etc. All of these will later be integrated into other industries and may well go through further machining. These metals are destined for different sectors. For example, for the food industry (specifically for manufacturing machinery for this sector); the automotive industry and even aeronautics, where these parts go through CNC machines with more axes.
Other applications
In the field of technology and communications, the precision of CNC machines is essential for making printed circuit board prototypes; undoubtedly painstaking work.
In addition, 3-axis CNC machines are also used in the jewelry industry; not only for cutting and contouring, but also for engraving (a separate area where they are also used). This type of machinery is particularly important in the woodworking industry. They are also used by sectors that require more custom or “design” work. These include, for example, interior decoration companies and manufacturers of home products, such as kitchen worktops or bathroom fittings like shower trays.. The funeral sector also relies on CNC work to carve the bas-reliefs on coffins; a process that would be very laborious if done by hand.